Endocrine system : Human Growth Hormone , hGH, GH / รายละเอียดของฮอร์โมนเกี่ยวกับการเจริญเติบโต

Human Growth Hormone is one of several endocrine hormones, like estrogen, progesterone, testosterone and DHEA, that decline in production as we age. While many of these hormones can be replaced to deter some of the effects of aging, growth hormone goes far beyond the effect of any one of these hormones to not only retard biological aging, but also to significantly reverse many of the effects of aging. Researchers have proven growth hormone therapy can reverse the biological effects of aging by as much as 20 years with less than one year of treatment.

Benefits of growth hormone treatment on bone metabolism, bone density and bone strength in growth hormone deficiency and osteoporosis.
Issue: January 15, 2001

Department of Internal Medicine I-Endocrinology and Metabolism, University Medical Clinic Heidelberg, Germany.

Bone mass is reduced in patients with GH deficiency (GHD) leading to an increased vertebral fracture rate and clinically significant osteoporosis.Patients with GHD of juvenile onset have reduced skeletal mineralization. When substituting GH in patients with GHD, bone turnover is increased and bone mineral density initially decreases during the first year due to the increase in remodelling space. From the experience in patients with acromegaly, cortical bone mass is increased and trabecular bone mass is normal in eugonadal or decreased in the hypogonadal patients. However, bone mineral content and bone area are increased leading to a higher biomechanical competence of bone as shown in rats. In patients with GHD of juvenile onset, mineralization and bone maturation are achieved during treatment with GH in adult life after having reached final body height leading to an increase in bone mass. The GH/ IGF-I system is dysregulated in patients with post-menopausal osteoporosis. This is shown by reduced systemic IGF and IGFBP-3-levels in osteoporosis suggesting a decrease of endogenous GH-secretion or a dysregulation of the GH receptor system which is beyond the normal ageing process of the GH/IGF system, the "somatopause". A premature somatopause may be responsible for the dysregulation in some patients with osteoporosis. However, 24-h GH profiles do not differ between patients suffering from osteoporosis or osteoarthritis. Treatment of osteoporosis with GH might be beneficial due to the increased bone metabolism and improved bone geometry which occurs with GH. The substantial increase of bone remodelling achieved with GH may be helpful during late post-menopause with decreased bone turnover and impaired osteoblastic function. Using GH to prevent physiological bone loss that occurs with age seems possible, but has to be discussed on an ethical and economic basis.

A .Human growth hormone (hGH) is a protein-like hormone produced in the anterior portion of the pituitary gland. Virtually every organ and system in the body is dependent on hGH for proper growth, development and function. Human growth hormone is considered by many experts in the field of anti-aging medicine to be the master hormone.

1. There is consistent improvement in this parameter with a usual 10% increase in lean body mass and a 5 to 10% decrease in body fat. Fat loss was greatest in the abdominal region. The alterations in body composition are reversed. The lean body mass increases as the adipose tissue decreases. This accounts for the fact that there may not always be an overall weight loss because of the increased muscle mass. In addition, human growth hormone affects the liver, kidneys, spleen, skin and bone, and is protective against atrophy by causing re-growth of tissue.

2.Growth hormone induces decomposition of adipose tissue.The adipose cell volume will decrease significantly. Metabolism is increased which results in the degradation of fat. In addition, cholesterol is lowered.

3.Growth hormone restores abnormal low levels of extra cellular fluid. This cellular dehydration is implicated in many of the signs of aging. By replenishing this extra cellular water, skin becomes thicker and wrinkles become less noticeable. Also, there is normalization of kidney function and improvement in sweating capacity.

4.During growth hormone therapy, there is a definite improvement in bone density. One study showed an increased bone mass of 2% per year.

5.There is an increase in muscle mass, which accounts for the improved ability
to exercise with a concomitant increase in strength. There is also an increase in cardiac output. There is an increase in maximum oxygen uptake with a concomitant improvement in cardiac function.

Human growth hormone has been shown in some studies to have side effects, which include carpal tunnel syndrome, arthritis and edema. This was experienced only when high doses were given. Numerous studies have shown that side effects can be avoided by slow initial administration, proper monitoring of levels and administration on a daily basis in what is called a low-dose, high frequency method. Some researchers have used growth hormone injections twice daily. Recent research has shown that the majority of naturally produced hGH is pulsed from the pituitary gland at night. This has lead to studies showing that a once a day injection at night seems to have the most beneficial effect.

6.HGH begins to decline gradually at approximately age 25 to 30 (the decline rate has been estimated at about 14% per decade). Research has shown that by the age of 40, our hGH production is down to 50% of youthful levels. By the age of 55 it sinks to 20%, which is not much more than someone in their 80's can produce

Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone (GHRH) Therapy
Sermorelin Acetate for Subcutaneous Injection - GH-RH (1-29)

Growth hormone deficiency in adults occurs when the naturally occurring pituitary hormone known as human growth hormone is produced in inadequate quantities with a resulting deficiency in growth hormone and IGF-1 levels. Growth hormone deficiency includes a spectrum that ranges from a complete lack of growth hormone through various degrees of partial growth hormone deficiency.

In contrast to supplementing the growth hormone deficiency through injections of exogenous recombinant human growth hormone (HGH), GH-RH therapy involves the use of GH-RH injections that cause the body’s pituitary gland to secrete greater quantities of naturally produced human growth hormone. The body therefore naturally produces its own growth hormone to supplement the deficiency as a result of GH-RH therapy.

Semorelin is the acetate salt of an amidated synthetic amino acid polypeptide, consisting of the first 29 of 44 amino acids of naturally occurring human growth hormone-releasing hormone (GH-H). Semorelin acetate is the last of the hypothalmic-releasing hormones to be identified and characterized, and represents the shortest fragment of GH-RH known to possess the full biological activity of the parent hormone.

In contrast to increasing growth hormone levels by the injection of biosynthetic human growth hormone, GH-RH injections increase plasma growth hormone concentrations in patients with idiopathic growth hormone deficiency by directly stimulating the pituitary gland to release natural human growth hormone. Semorelin acetate for injection (GH-RH ) is similar to natural GH-RH with respect to its ability to stimulate growth hormone secretions in humans.

GH-RH for injection has been effective in the treatment of growth hormone deficiency in children. The clinic anticipates that GH-RH will also be effective in the treatment of adult growth hormone deficiency because it has been effective in the treatment of children, and because HGH has already proven itself to effective in cases of adult growth hormone deficiency. The GH-RH used by the clinic has been studied for 12 years in more than 70 clinical trials in over 2,600 child patients totaling more than 485 patient years of treatment.

Growth hormone releasing hormone for injection was approved for use with children by the FDA in 1997 and became available to the clinic in 1998. It is an experimental clinic treatment with regards to adult patients who are prescribed about half the dose of a small child. Prior clinic approval is required to participate in the adult clinical trial program conducted by the clinic. This therapy has great potential for adults who have growth hormone deficiency and seek to reverse the effects of aging or treat a medical disorder. A patient who is unsatisfied with the results obtained through GH-GH therapy may elect to be treated thereafter with human growth hormone (HGH) replacement therapy.